Last 30 years great human, material, industrial, technolgic and scientific potential was accumulated in the Republic of Moldova. Now due to the economic problems specific for tranziction period this potential is less required. To stop the process of loses of technologies and know-hows we want to realize a new mechanism to preserve and to propagate of obtained results and to reorient to new direction of activity. In this scope we want to use both of existing mechanisms and new ones. We want you to know some aspects of curent situation we are and our visions too.
First of all we want to present main elements of investigation-production chain: Universities and Academy of Sciences, Branch Scientific Research Institutes, Joint Professional Chairs from Industrial enterprises or Scientific Research Institutes and Industrial enterprises.
The scientific research in the Republic of Moldova can be devided in the following classes (parts):
The academic network extended offering access to Internet to a great number of new higher schools and research institutes.
In the institutions where Internet existed before it enlarged its functions and amplified its performances, the quality of services improved.
are specialized in special applied fields. These SRI are supervised by large enterprises, ministers or departments and these SRI were oriented to perform the researchs in various applied areas,to elaborate new technologies, apparates, materials etc and to contributing to the application of the results in industry. SRI as usually do not deal with basic researches, so, they focus their attention upon the applied ones. Therefore they are like a linking unit between scientific institutions as Academy of Sciences and Universities on the one hand, and vital necessities of industry on the other hand.,
In the previous years in order to obtain closer relations between Universities activities that trained specialists on the one hand, and Enterprises for which the specialist have been trained, on the other hand, a new form of collaboration called Common Professional Chains was created.
Common Proffesional Chairs had their offices and laboratories in the enterprises.
Due to this, direct involvement of University Professors and Students in the work of enterprises is possible.All practice work, course works and Diploma papers are being made to the enterprise.
As a result the decallage between the process of education and the activity at the enterprises redused.
University students who have been trained by this Common Professional Chains can work in industry as soon they graduate from the Universities - they do not need a period of adaptation.
In the same time Universities adjust their academic programs in correspondence with practical necessities. This collaboration stimulates a wide range of scientific contracts between Universities and Industry. The results of this contracts were applied into practice in shorter time.
Now we would like to present in general lines the main branches of our industry. It will occupy a large space because this is the only way to show the real situation of our industry.
Machine building: The sector is represented by the production of: electromechanical instruments, pumps, machine-tools, equipment facilities, tractors and agricultural machines.The sector includes production of electric appliances, electric power transformers, electricengines, cables and derived items, tools, automatic devices and systems pumps, industrialcooling facilities, equipment for food industry, , equipment for city services, tractors,cooling trailers, combines, machinery and equipment for small farms, electrcal devices etc.
Electronic and radioelectronic industry has been specialized on production of Integrated Circuits, Oscilographs, TV-sets, video and stereo equipment and equipment for telecommunication, computation complexes for board system including ocean and sea ships (including submarines), also computer complexes for airplanes, helicopters and space rockets.
Metallurgical engineering: Is represented by the Metallurgic Plant in Ribnitsa (capacity - 700,000 tons per year) and by 39 steel, and non-ferrous materials rolling lines. The main direction is oriented towards meeting domestic and export needs, as the metal from Ribnitsa is an important item for export.
Chemical industry: (4 enterprises) there are two prospective fields: processing of imported raw materials and of half-finished materials (resin and powder for polymerisation; technical gum materials; detergents; lacquers and dyes); utilization of local materials of vegetable origin.
Wine making: One of the national economy pillar of Moldova is wine making.because of The vine is cultivated on this territory in the course of 5000 years. The Republic of Moldova, actually, has 164 thousands hectares of vines, 130 tousands hectares of mature vines inclusive. Global vintage is 500-600 per year. Most of kinds that are cultivated in the republic are french origin. There are also cultivated local types. There are 160 primary treatment enterprises in the Republic of Moldova, 49 factories for filling up. Wines represent the main item of the Republic of Moldova for export (36 percent in 1997). The total volume of wine and wine material export to other countries constitute: 25.9 million del and that ot brandy and liquors made up 3.5 del. production of raw wines for champagne will constitute 6 million del; of high quality wines, including original wines - 2.5 million del.; current consumption wines - 32.5 million del. The volume of sparkling wines will increase due to the introduction of new lines
Food-canning industry: Moldovan canneries have all the possibilities to conquer the external markets, including the European markets. They produce concentrated apple Juice and tomato pastes, fruits and vegetables and tinned foods. Available productive capacities for concentrated apple juice is 68.8 thousand tons. In case of an extended processing season, they could reach a volume of 120 thousand tons.The above mentioned sector is processing over 20 types of vegetables. Tomatoes represent 60 percent of it. The fruit and vegetable processing sector includes 7 large, 15 medium and 100 small companies. Tomato and apples are the main agricultural crops, in Moldova and cover about 80 percent of the total output of food preservation.
The Tobacco industry: Consists of 8 companies and about 40,000 employees. Five years ago the industry was able to provide for at the least 10-12 percent of the gross national income.
The sugar-making industry: (10 factories; 30,000 employed) is based on raw material grown on a surface of about 80 thousand hectares. Annual processing capacity is 3 million tons of sweet roots. Every year there are processed 1.8 million tons of sugar beet and produced 0.22 million tons of granulated sugar.
Light industry: In accordance with the volume of production, light industry comes afler theagricultural sector with a total of 46 enterprises and 25,000 workers). It is important to develop this industrial sector due to its export experience and potential. Current exports include: knitwear, carpets, shoes, ready-made clothes, fabrics, leather haberdashery). Raw material can partly be domestically produced.
Enterprises are located both in large and small cities. A great part of textile and tailoring industries is equipped with modern machines. Some significant advantages of the light industry are: a many-sided structure, the avialability of highly qualified specialists and a relatively low payment for work. Recently the state has been giving feasible support to the export of the light industry goods.
Perfume and cosmetics: In the early 1990s, Moldova used to produce out of ether-oleaginous plants (rose, lavender, salvia) one third of the total vegetal oils produced in the former Soviet
Union. The sector includes research and production units: the perfume cosmetic factory and 16 special-purpose raw material factories under a total surface of 60,000 hectares. Its products are marketed domestically - 45 percent, as well as in Russia - 45 percent, the Ukraine - 3 percent and Romania - 0.6 percent. Availability of specialised enterprises and of raw material (vegetal oils, spirit, chemically pure chalk) as well as the operational experience creates good preconditions for the development of the sector. The participation of foreign partners is the key growth factor of this branch of industry.
Wood-working and furniture industry. Wood-working factories in Moldova make use of imported raw material.Forests in the country have a status of protection and reservation zones. The total volume of the local timber does not exceed 70 ,000 cubic meters (3 percent of the needed volume).Hence, wood processing is focused on the utilization of advanced technologies that ensure a total use of wood (production of furniture, cardboard, compact pulp panels). The furniture industry includes 20 enterprises and 7,000 workers. The volume of production are decreased during the last five years.
The building material industry is the basis for the development of the building sector. In 1997 it comprised about 50 companies. It is based on local raw materials. Production capacities in Moldova are as follows: cement -2.5 million tons; concrete blocks and items - 2.2 million m3; asbestos - cement pipes and coupling parts - 3.000 km conventional pipes; gypsum - 110.000 tons; building bricks - 254 million conventional pieces; stone blocks far wall building - 460 million conventional pieces; linoleum - 4 ellion square meters. The expansion of this branch of industry is accomplished in two directions: the increase of the export of building materials (cement, gypsum, ceramics) and the reinvestment in civil engineering.
Nowadays, because of the economical crisis, the above mentioned enterprises are forced to decrease their volume of output. This leads to the loss of know-how, dissolving of existing staffs and schools, loss of accumulated high technologies.
It is worth mentioned that some achievements obtained locally are unique and a great part of them are competitive on the international market.
In order to stop or at least to diminish the process of loosing of our achievements we intend to create an accumulation (stocking) and keeping system and a mechanism of popularization (advertising) and distribution (dissemination) of the achievements above mentioned. We consider that this integrates well in the policy of necessary reorientation of the economy of our republic towards other markets rather than traditional ones (ex-USSR) and could constitute an incentive for the West for a better understanding of our possibilities and results. We think it would be possible to realize a transfer of know-how and are sure this would be of great interest for the European enterprises and universities.
From the technical point of view, we see the accomplishment of this desideratum in the form of a database, containing the information about the achievements above mentioned.
During 1999 the principles of organization, structure and main characteristics and parameters of the database will be determined, hard and soft means on the basis of which it could function. Also, the criteria for the selection of stocked information and the requirements towards its contents and forms of representation will be elaborated.
Access to information database would be free of charge. Data base would be also prepeared to have Internet access, what would partial ensure necessary lvel of advatesment and one of the most effective ways to information access. You would find information about industrial enterprises, scientific institutes, universities, ministers and departments, NGO and other juridical and physic persons, etc.
One of the important aspect of the problrem is to ensure author's property rights what can be the separate subject for discussions.
Last time the international realtions of the Republic of Moldova with other counties continuously enlarge what needs new approaches to international collaboration in the field of education, scientific investigartions and industrial application of new results, information technolocies, etc. We suppose that our results would find their application not only on national market, but abroad of the Republic of Moldova too. There is a necessity of a new level of advatisment of our achievements in above mentioned fields and what referes to the national market we would like to use above described mechanism of relations.Ref. to the abroad relations, we hope that the EUNIS grid would be useful for infremation exchange between Republic of Moldova and other contries of the world.We hope that our achiemenets would be interesting both universities and enterprises from Europa.We are open for collaboration and wait your proposals.
Official Web Page of the Republic of Moldova
http//:www.moldova.md,
http://:tradepoint.moldova.md
Trandafirilor 37/3 -27
Chisinau, MD2038
Republic of Moldova
Tel.: 373 2 52 30 74
Fax.: 373 2 52 30 74
E-mail: andronat@cc.acad.md